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Abstract Details
Extrahepatic Outcomes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Cardiovascular Diseases
Clin Liver Dis. 2023 May;27(2):239-250. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.018.Epub 2023 Feb 26.
1Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy.
2Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy. Electronic address: elisabetta.bugianesi@unito.it.
Abstract
Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at high risk of cardiovascular disease, including carotid atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. The risk is partially due to shared risk factors, but it may vary according to liver injury. A fatty liver may induce an atherogenic profile, the local necro-inflammatory changes of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may enhance systemic metabolic inflammation, and fibrogenesis can run parallel in the liver and in the myocardium and precedes heart failure. The detrimental impact of a Western diet combines with polymorphisms in genes associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Shared clinical/diagnostic algorithms are needed to manage the cardiovascular risk in NAFLD.