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Abstract Details
Quantification of liver iron with MRI: State of the art and remaining challenges
Hernando D1, Levin YS, Sirlin CB, Reeder SB. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014 Mar 3. doi: 10.1002/jmri.24584. [Epub ahead of print]
Author information
1Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Abstract
Liver iron overload is the histological hallmark of hereditary hemochromatosis and transfusional hemosiderosis, and can also occur in chronic hepatopathies. Iron overload can result in liver damage, with the eventual development of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Assessment of liver iron levels is necessary for detection and quantitative staging of iron overload and monitoring of iron-reducing treatments. This article discusses the need for noninvasive assessment of liver iron and reviews qualitative and quantitative methods with a particular emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Specific MRI methods for liver iron quantification include signal intensity ratio as well as R2 and R2* relaxometry techniques. Methods that are in clinical use, as well as their limitations, are described. Remaining challenges, unsolved problems, and emerging techniques to provide improved characterization of liver iron deposition are discussed.