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Abstract Details
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Therapeutic Algorithm for Localized and Advanced Disease
J Oncol. 2022 Dec 31;2022:3817724. doi: 10.1155/2022/3817724. eCollection 2022.
1Department of Immunology, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur 680555, Kerala, India.
2HepatOncology Section, Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-V. Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
3Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
4Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-V. Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
5Department of Experimental Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiologies. In recent years, there has been an advance in the knowledge of molecular mechanisms and a better staging definition of patients which has allowed the development of new therapies that have entered the therapeutic workup of these patients. Deep information on molecular drivers of HCC contributed to the development of targeted therapies with remarkable benefits. The novel strategies of targeting immune evasion using immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T and TCR-T therapeutics have also shown promising results. For advanced diseases, the therapeutic algorithm has been recently updated, thanks to the efficacy of combining immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy in the first-line setting, and new drugs, both as single-agents or combinations, are currently under investigation.