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Abstract Details
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Lancet. 2022 Sep 6;S0140-6736(22)01200-4.doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01200-4. Online ahead of print.
1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: vogel.arndt@mh-hannover.de.
2Research Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
3Abdominal Transplant & HPB Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
4Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
5Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide and represents a major global health-care challenge. Although viral hepatitis and alcohol remain important risk factors, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is rapidly becoming a dominant cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. A broad range of treatment options are available for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, including liver transplantation, surgical resection, percutaneous ablation, and radiation, as well as transarterial and systemic therapies. As such, clinical decision making requires a multidisciplinary team that longitudinally adapts the individual treatment strategy according to the patient's tumour stage, liver function, and performance status. With the approval of new first-line agents and second-line agents, as well as the establishment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies as standard of care, the treatment landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma is more diversified than ever. Consequently, the outlook for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma has improved. However, the optimal sequencing of drugs remains to be defined, and predictive biomarkers are urgently needed to inform treatment selection. In this Seminar, we present an update on the causes, diagnosis, molecular classification, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.