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Abstract Details
Molecular pathogenesis and systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma
1Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. josep.llovet@mountsinai.org.
2Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program (Divisions of Liver Diseases, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine), Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. josep.llovet@mountsinai.org.
3Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain. josep.llovet@mountsinai.org.
4Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
5Helen Diller Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
6Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
7Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Medical School, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
8Hepatopancreatobiliary Multidisciplinary Team, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
9Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
10Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
11Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
12Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program (Divisions of Liver Diseases, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine), Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most prevalent and deadliest cancers. The poor outcome associated with HCC is dramatically changing due to the advent of effective systemic therapies. Here we discuss the molecular pathogenesis of HCC, molecular classes and determinants of heterogeneity. In addition, effective single-agent and combination systemic therapies involving immunotherapies as standard of care are analyzed. Finally, we propose a flowchart of sequential therapies, explore mechanisms of resistance and address the need for predictive biomarkers.