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Abstract Details
Three Different Genetic Risk Scores Based on Fatty Liver Index, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Lipidomic for a Nutrigenetic Personalized Management of NAFLD: The Fatty Liver in Obesity Study
Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Jun 13;11(6):1083. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11061083.
Nuria Perez-Diaz-Del-Campo12, Jose I Riezu-Boj23, Bertha Araceli Marin-Alejandre12, J Ignacio Monreal34, Mariana Elorz35, José Ignacio Herrero367, Alberto Benito-Boillos35, Fermín I Milagro1238, Josep A Tur89, Itziar Abete1238, M Angeles Zulet1238, J Alfredo Martinez1238
Author information
1Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
2Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
3Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
4Clinical Chemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
5Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
6Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
7Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
8Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
9Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Balearic Islands Institute for Health Research (IDISBA), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain.
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25% of the global population. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex; available data reveal that genetics and ascribed interactions with environmental factors may play an important role in the development of this morbid condition. The purpose of this investigation was to assess genetic and non-genetic determinants putatively involved in the onset and progression of NAFLD after a 6-month weight loss nutritional treatment. A group of 86 overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) study were enrolled and metabolically evaluated at baseline and after 6 months. A pre-designed panel of 95 genetic variants related to obesity and weight loss was applied and analyzed. Three genetic risk scores (GRS) concerning the improvement on hepatic health evaluated by minimally invasive methods such as the fatty liver index (FLI) (GRSFLI), lipidomic-OWLiver®-test (GRSOWL) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (GRSMRI), were derived by adding the risk alleles genotypes. Body composition, liver injury-related markers and dietary intake were also monitored. Overall, 23 SNPs were independently associated with the change in FLI, 16 SNPs with OWLiver®-test and 8 SNPs with MRI, which were specific for every diagnosis tool. After adjusting for gender, age and other related predictors (insulin resistance, inflammatory biomarkers and dietary intake at baseline) the calculated GRSFLI, GRSOWL and GRSMRI were major contributors of the improvement in hepatic status. Thus, fitted linear regression models showed a variance of 53% (adj. R2 = 0.53) in hepatic functionality (FLI), 16% (adj. R2 = 0.16) in lipidomic metabolism (OWLiver®-test) and 34% (adj. R2 = 0.34) in liver fat content (MRI). These results demonstrate that three different genetic scores can be useful for the personalized management of NAFLD, whose treatment must rely on specific dietary recommendations guided by the measurement of specific genetic biomarkers.