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Abstract Details
Epidemiology and Prevention of Tuberculosis and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States
J Immigr Minor Health. 2021 Jun 23. doi: 10.1007/s10903-021-01231-6.Online ahead of print.
Amit S Chitnis1, Ramsey Cheung23, Robert G Gish4, Robert J Wong23
Author information
1Tuberculosis Section, Division of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Alameda County Public Health Department, 1000 San Leandro Blvd, First Floor, San Leandro, CA, 94577, USA. Amit.Chitnis@acgov.org.
2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
3Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
4Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection can be prevented with treatment and vaccination, respectively. We reviewed epidemiology and guidelines for TB and CHB to inform strategies for reducing United States (U.S.) burden of both infections. Non-U.S.-born, compared to U.S.-born, persons have a 15-, 6-, and 8-fold higher TB incidence and latent TB infection (LTBI) and CHB prevalence, respectively; all infections disproportionately impact non-U.S.-born Asians. TB and CHB each are associated with ~ 10% mortality that results in 7- and 14-years per life lost, respectively. LTBI and CHB have significant gaps in their care cascade as 40% of LTBI and 20% of CHB patients are diagnosed, and 20% of LTBI and CHB diagnosed patients receive treatment. Reducing TB and CHB burden will require healthcare provider-, system-, and policy-level interventions, and increased funding and collaboration between public health departments and healthcare systems.Institutional Review Board Statement: Since this review article did not include primary data on patients and only focused on reviewing published data, approval by an institutional review board was not needed.