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Abstract Details
T-cell Activation Is Correlated With Monocyte Activation in HCV/HIV Coinfection and Declines During HCV Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021 Feb 18;8(4):ofab079.doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab079.eCollection 2021 Apr.
Ann W N Auma1, Carey Shive1, Sofi Damjanovska2, Corinne Kowal2, Daniel E Cohen3, Debika Bhattacharya4, Beverly Alston-Smith5, Melissa Osborne2, Robert Kalayjian2, Ashwin Balagopal6, Mark Sulkowski6, David Wyles7, Donald D Anthony128
Author information
1Department of Pathology, VA Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
2Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
3AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
4Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
5DAIDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
6Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
7University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA.
8ACTG Immunology Support Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Abstract
Background: Immune activation markers associate with morbidity and mortality in HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We investigated how T-cell and monocyte activation are related over the course of HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy during HCV/HIV coinfection.
Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5329 participants and a single-site separate cohort treated with DAAs were analyzed for central memory (CM)/effector memory (EM) T-cell subsets, monocyte subsets, and cell activation (CD38 and HLA-DR expression) before, during, and after therapy.
Results: Before therapy, classical and inflammatory monocyte subset HLA-DR expression positively correlated with absolute counts and frequencies of CD38+HLA-DR+-expressing CD4+and CD8 T cells and corresponding CM and EM subsets. After therapy initiation, CD38+HLA-DR+co-expression on CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells decreased by 12 weeks and 36 weeks, and plasma sCD14 positively correlated with CD38+HLA-DR+ CD4+ and CD4+CM T-cell frequencies. Monocyte subset activation remained similar over time.
Conclusions: During HCV/HIV coinfection, memory T-cell activation is associated with monocyte subset activation, consistent with related underlying mechanisms. Following therapy initiation, memory T-cell, but not monocyte, activation decreased. Residual CD4+ T-cell activation after therapy completion is associated with sCD14, potentially linking the remaining CD4+ T-cell activation to residual factors driving activation in antiretroviral therapy-controlled HIV.